ABSTRACT
Background: Itopride and Levosulpiride both comes under the group of Prokinetic drugs. These drugs are used for the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia, heart burn, nausea and vomiting. Both drugs act on dopaminergic D2 receptor as antagonist and increases the concentration of acetylcholine so that gastric peristalsis will be increase and that time pressure at lower oesophageal sphincter will be increase thus gastric motility increases and there will be good gastro-duodenal co-ordination.Method: This study has to conduct on patients with complains of non-ulcer dyspepsia attended Medical outdoor and department of pharmacology of SKMCH Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. The total 60 patients have to include in the study, which have to randomly divide in two groups. Group A (itopride) comprising of 30 patients and Group B (Levosulpiride) comprising of 30 patients. Patients have to randomly allocate to receive one tablet of itopride hydrochloride, 50 mg three times daily before meal and one tablet Levosulpiride of 75 mg three times daily before meal. Authors have to enroll the patients at the interval of two weeks and continue it upto 3 months.Results: Study did not found any remarkable change in biochemistry profile. Only QT prolongation changes were found in two patients, but no serious cardiac toxicity was observed with patient receiving Levosulpiride. Neither QT prolongation nor serious cardiac toxicity was observed with itopride hydrochloride therapy.Conclusions: In present study, efficacy of Itopride was comparable to Levosulpiride in relieving the symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia. Both the drugs were clinically and biochemically well tolerated. QT prolongation changes were found in two patients, but no serious cardiac toxicity was observed with patient receiving Levosulpiride. Itopride does not show cardiac toxicity and any changes in ECG.
ABSTRACT
Background: Current classification of medicines in India under Drug and Cosmetic Act into Schedule G, H, H1, X is outdated, evolved through patchwork over the years and needs to be thoroughly updated. The primary aim of the scheduling system is to ensure appropriate access to medicines while balancing public health and safety. India is experiencing a rapid transition with the rising burden of chronic non-communicable diseases where regular access of affordable medicines is critical for chronic disease management to prevent complications. Methods: We analyzed drugs commonly selling across India, through multiple information sources including 1mg drug database, PharmaTrac (AIOCD-AWACS), inventory data from distributors and retailers, performed extensive literature review and expert interviews. We studied different regulatory systems globally to understand best-practices and identify recommendations. Results: We identified series of lacunae in current drug classification system and its implementation. Out of approximately 1,600 commonly prescribed medicines, only 656 are currently covered under the four Schedules. There are multiple overlaps in terms of drug substances covered under these schedules resulting in ambiguity. Conclusions: We have recommended a revised drug classification system that is more comprehensive in coverage and eliminates the overlaps between classes. Moreover, considering the implementation challenges for such a drug classification system in the diverse and fragmented ecosystem in India, we recommend a technology backed platform to help monitor the implementation.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: Among various method of medical education integrated teaching help in integration of basic, clinical and psychosocial sciences. Integrated teaching involves bringing together traditionally separate subjects so that students can grasp subject with more authentic understanding. We conducted the study to compare this scientific method of teaching with traditional learning and also obtained student’s and teacher’s feedback. Methodology: After approval from ethic committee faculty members from various departments we arranged integrated teaching program on important topic. Basic science faculty were made toparticipate actively in both case based learning and hospital visits along with clinical experts. The completed program was evaluated based on structured questionnaire and student and teacher feedback. Results: Among 58 students of 8th semester students, Pre test (TL) and post test (IL) mean of incorrect answers out of 10 structured questionnaires were 4.5517 and 2.9310. There was 35.5% improvement in result after integrated method of learning. 63% of faculty members felt that integrated teaching could be very useful. 85% students were enthusiastic about the new teaching methodology& felt that they had a better clinico pathological correlation. Conclusion: The new method of integrated teaching was found to be more effective than the traditional one. This method was well accepted by faculty as well as students. So it is need of today’s medical curriculum.